17 research outputs found
Compressão eficiente de sequências biológicas usando uma rede neuronal
Background: The increasing production of genomic data has led to
an intensified need for models that can cope efficiently with the lossless
compression of biosequences. Important applications include long-term
storage and compression-based data analysis. In the literature, only a
few recent articles propose the use of neural networks for biosequence
compression. However, they fall short when compared with specific
DNA compression tools, such as GeCo2. This limitation is due to the
absence of models specifically designed for DNA sequences. In this
work, we combine the power of neural networks with specific DNA and
amino acids models. For this purpose, we created GeCo3 and AC2, two
new biosequence compressors. Both use a neural network for mixing
the opinions of multiple specific models.
Findings: We benchmark GeCo3 as a reference-free DNA compressor
in five datasets, including a balanced and comprehensive dataset
of DNA sequences, the Y-chromosome and human mitogenome, two
compilations of archaeal and virus genomes, four whole genomes, and
two collections of FASTQ data of a human virome and ancient DNA.
GeCo3 achieves a solid improvement in compression over the previous
version (GeCo2) of 2:4%, 7:1%, 6:1%, 5:8%, and 6:0%, respectively.
As a reference-based DNA compressor, we benchmark GeCo3 in four
datasets constituted by the pairwise compression of the chromosomes
of the genomes of several primates. GeCo3 improves the compression in
12:4%, 11:7%, 10:8% and 10:1% over the state-of-the-art. The cost of
this compression improvement is some additional computational time
(1:7_ to 3:0_ slower than GeCo2). The RAM is constant, and the tool
scales efficiently, independently from the sequence size. Overall, these
values outperform the state-of-the-art. For AC2 the improvements and
costs over AC are similar, which allows the tool to also outperform the
state-of-the-art.
Conclusions: The GeCo3 and AC2 are biosequence compressors with
a neural network mixing approach, that provides additional gains over
top specific biocompressors. The proposed mixing method is portable,
requiring only the probabilities of the models as inputs, providing easy
adaptation to other data compressors or compression-based data analysis
tools. GeCo3 and AC2 are released under GPLv3 and are available
for free download at https://github.com/cobilab/geco3 and
https://github.com/cobilab/ac2.Contexto: O aumento da produção de dados genómicos levou a uma
maior necessidade de modelos que possam lidar de forma eficiente com
a compressão sem perdas de biosequências. Aplicações importantes
incluem armazenamento de longo prazo e análise de dados baseada em
compressão. Na literatura, apenas alguns artigos recentes propõem o
uso de uma rede neuronal para compressão de biosequências. No entanto,
os resultados ficam aquém quando comparados com ferramentas
de compressão de ADN específicas, como o GeCo2. Essa limitação
deve-se à ausência de modelos específicos para sequências de ADN.
Neste trabalho, combinamos o poder de uma rede neuronal com modelos
específicos de ADN e aminoácidos. Para isso, criámos o GeCo3 e
o AC2, dois novos compressores de biosequências. Ambos usam uma
rede neuronal para combinar as opiniões de vários modelos específicos.
Resultados: Comparamos o GeCo3 como um compressor de ADN
sem referência em cinco conjuntos de dados, incluindo um conjunto
de dados balanceado de sequências de ADN, o cromossoma Y e o mitogenoma
humano, duas compilações de genomas de arqueas e vírus,
quatro genomas inteiros e duas coleções de dados FASTQ de um viroma
humano e ADN antigo. O GeCo3 atinge uma melhoria sólida
na compressão em relação à versão anterior (GeCo2) de 2,4%, 7,1%,
6,1%, 5,8% e 6,0%, respectivamente. Como um compressor de ADN
baseado em referência, comparamos o GeCo3 em quatro conjuntos
de dados constituídos pela compressão aos pares dos cromossomas
dos genomas de vários primatas. O GeCo3 melhora a compressão em
12,4%, 11,7%, 10,8% e 10,1% em relação ao estado da arte. O custo
desta melhoria de compressão é algum tempo computacional adicional
(1,7 _ a 3,0 _ mais lento do que GeCo2). A RAM é constante e a
ferramenta escala de forma eficiente, independentemente do tamanho
da sequência. De forma geral, os rácios de compressão superam o estado
da arte. Para o AC2, as melhorias e custos em relação ao AC são
semelhantes, o que permite que a ferramenta também supere o estado
da arte.
Conclusões: O GeCo3 e o AC2 são compressores de sequências biológicas
com uma abordagem de mistura baseada numa rede neuronal,
que fornece ganhos adicionais em relação aos biocompressores específicos
de topo. O método de mistura proposto é portátil, exigindo apenas
as probabilidades dos modelos como entradas, proporcionando uma fácil
adaptação a outros compressores de dados ou ferramentas de análise
baseadas em compressão. O GeCo3 e o AC2 são distribuídos sob GPLv3
e estão disponíveis para download gratuito em https://github.com/
cobilab/geco3 e https://github.com/cobilab/ac2.Mestrado em Engenharia de Computadores e Telemátic
ATLANTIC-CAMTRAPS: a dataset of medium and large terrestrial mammal communities in the Atlantic Forest of South America
Our understanding of mammal ecology has always been hindered by the difficulties of observing species in closed tropical forests. Camera trapping has become a major advance for monitoring terrestrial mammals in biodiversity rich ecosystems. Here we compiled one of the largest datasets of inventories of terrestrial mammal communities for the Neotropical region based on camera trapping studies. The dataset comprises 170 surveys of medium to large terrestrial mammals using camera traps conducted in 144 areas by 74 studies, covering six vegetation types of tropical and subtropical Atlantic Forest of South America (Brazil and Argentina), and present data on species composition and richness. The complete dataset comprises 53,438 independent records of 83 species of mammals, includes 10 species of marsupials, 15 rodents, 20 carnivores, eight ungulates and six armadillos. Species richness averaged 13 species (±6.07 SD) per site. Only six species occurred in more than 50% of the sites: the domestic dog Canis familiaris, crab-eating fox Cerdocyon thous, tayra Eira barbara, south American coati Nasua nasua, crab-eating raccoon Procyon cancrivorus and the nine-banded armadillo Dasypus novemcinctus. The information contained in this dataset can be used to understand macroecological patterns of biodiversity, community, and population structure, but also to evaluate the ecological consequences of fragmentation, defaunation, and trophic interactions. © 2017 by the Ecological Society of Americ
ATLANTIC EPIPHYTES: a data set of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte plants and lichens from the Atlantic Forest
Epiphytes are hyper-diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non-vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer-reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non-vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non-vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ
Iron Behaving Badly: Inappropriate Iron Chelation as a Major Contributor to the Aetiology of Vascular and Other Progressive Inflammatory and Degenerative Diseases
The production of peroxide and superoxide is an inevitable consequence of
aerobic metabolism, and while these particular "reactive oxygen species" (ROSs)
can exhibit a number of biological effects, they are not of themselves
excessively reactive and thus they are not especially damaging at physiological
concentrations. However, their reactions with poorly liganded iron species can
lead to the catalytic production of the very reactive and dangerous hydroxyl
radical, which is exceptionally damaging, and a major cause of chronic
inflammation. We review the considerable and wide-ranging evidence for the
involvement of this combination of (su)peroxide and poorly liganded iron in a
large number of physiological and indeed pathological processes and
inflammatory disorders, especially those involving the progressive degradation
of cellular and organismal performance. These diseases share a great many
similarities and thus might be considered to have a common cause (i.e.
iron-catalysed free radical and especially hydroxyl radical generation). The
studies reviewed include those focused on a series of cardiovascular, metabolic
and neurological diseases, where iron can be found at the sites of plaques and
lesions, as well as studies showing the significance of iron to aging and
longevity. The effective chelation of iron by natural or synthetic ligands is
thus of major physiological (and potentially therapeutic) importance. As
systems properties, we need to recognise that physiological observables have
multiple molecular causes, and studying them in isolation leads to inconsistent
patterns of apparent causality when it is the simultaneous combination of
multiple factors that is responsible. This explains, for instance, the
decidedly mixed effects of antioxidants that have been observed, etc...Comment: 159 pages, including 9 Figs and 2184 reference
Statins Increase Rifampin Mycobactericidal Effect
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Previous issue date: 2014Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Microbiologia Celular. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Instituto Lauro de Souza Lima. Departamento de Biologia. Bauru, SP, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Microbiologia Celular. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Microbiologia Celular. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Microbiologia Professor Paulo de Góes. Laboratório de Microbactérias. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Instituto Lauro de Souza Lima. Departamento de Biologia. Bauru, SP, Brasil.Instituto Lauro de Souza Lima. Departamento de Biologia. Bauru, SP, Brasil.Instituto Lauro de Souza Lima. Departamento de Biologia. Bauru, SP, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Microbiologia Celular. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Instituto Lauro de Souza Lima. Departamento de Biologia. Bauru, SP, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Microbiologia Celular. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Evandro Chgas. Centro de Pesquisa Clínica em HIV/AIDS. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Microbiologia Celular. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Microbiologia Celular. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Microbiologia Celular. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.niversidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Microbiologia Professor Paulo de Góes. Laboratório de Microbactérias. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Microbiologia Celular. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium tuberculosis antimicrobial resistance has been followed with great concern during
the last years, while the need for new drugs able to control leprosy and tuberculosis, mainly due to extensively drug-resistant
tuberculosis (XDR-TB), is pressing. Our group recently showed that M. leprae is able to induce lipid body biogenesis and cholesterol
accumulation in macrophages and Schwann cells, facilitating its viability and replication. Considering these previous results,
we investigated the efficacies of two statins on the intracellular viability of mycobacteria within the macrophage, as well as
the effect of atorvastatin on M. leprae infections in BALB/c mice. We observed that intracellular mycobacteria viability decreased
markedly after incubation with both statins, but atorvastatin showed the best inhibitory effect when combined with rifampin.
Using Shepard’s model, we observed with atorvastatin an efficacy in controlling M. leprae and inflammatory infiltrate in
the BALB/c footpad, in a serum cholesterol level-dependent way. We conclude that statins contribute to macrophage-bactericidal
activity against Mycobacterium bovis, M. leprae, and M. tuberculosis. It is likely that the association of statins with the actual
multidrug therapy effectively reduces mycobacterial viability and tissue lesion in leprosy and tuberculosis patients, although
epidemiological studies are still needed for confirmation
Desempenho e rendimento de carcaça de bovinos mestiços alimentados com diferentes volumosos e fontes protéicas Performance and carcass dressing in crossbreed steers fed different forage and nitrogen sources
Quarenta bovinos machos, com 30 meses de idade e 371 kg, foram distribuídos em um delineamento em blocos casualizado com esquema fatorial 3 x 3, para avaliar o desempenho e rendimento de carcaça quando alimentados com diferentes fontes protéicas (Amiferm, uréia e farelo de soja) e volumosos (pastagem de capim-braquiária, cana-de-açúcar e silagem de milho). As dietas foram balanceadas para conterem níveis semelhantes de EM e PB. A interação volumoso x fonte de N não foi significativa para nenhum dos parâmetros estudados. O ganho de peso vivo diário (GPV/dia) dos animais alimentados com cana-de-açúcar (0,83 kg) não diferiu dos mantidos em pastagem (0,82 kg), mas ambos foram menores que dos animais alimentados com silagem de milho (1,09 kg). As diferentes fontes de N proporcionaram GPV/dia semelhantes, com valores de 0,94; 0,83 e 0,97 kg, para os animais que receberam uréia, Amiferm e farelo de soja, respectivamente. As dietas contendo farelo de soja proporcionaram maior ganho de carcaça diário (0,57 kg) em relação ao uso de Amiferm, não diferindo da uréia (0,55 kg). Não houve diferença entre volumosos e fontes nitrogenadas para rendimento de carcaça, rendimento de carcaça do corpo vazio, rendimento de carcaça do ganho de peso e espessura de gordura, com média de 51,03%, 54,49%, 60,10% e 8,5 mm, respectivamente. O uso de Amiferm proporcionou ganhos de peso e rendimento de carcaça semelhantes às demais fontes protéicas.<br>Forty steers averaging 371 kg BW were allotted to a randomized block design, in a factorial scheme 3 x 3 to evaluate the effect of feeding different protein sources (urea, amiferm, soybean meal) and forage (sugar cane, corn silage and pasture Bracharia brizantha) on performance and carcass dressing. Diets were formulated to contain similar ME and CP protein levels. Forage and nitrogen source interaction was not significant for all studied factors. Daily live weight (LWG/day) of animal fed sugar cane (0.83 kg) did not differ from those fed in pasture (0.82 kg), but both were different from corn silage (1.09 kg). The different protein sources resulted in similar LWG/day, with value of 0.94; 0.83 e 0.97 kg, for urea, Amiferm and soybean meal, respectively. Soybean meal diets showed higher daily carcass gain (0.57 kg) in relation to Amiferm (0.46 kg) but both nitrogen sources did not differ from urea (0.55 kg). There was no difference among forage and nitrogen sources for carcass dressing, carcass dressing in function of empty weight (%EBW), carcass yield of weight gain and fat layer, mean of 51.03%, 54.49%, 60.10% e 8.5 mm, respectively. The use of Amiferm provided weight gain and carcass dressing similar to the others nitrogen sources
Electrical Event Detection and Monitoring Data Storage from Wide Area Measurement System
Synchronized phasor measurement systems are being widely used around the world and have become essential elements in the evolution of the operation of large electrical power systems (EPS). These systems, called Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs), are capable of recording and communicating dynamic data from the EPSs in a synchronized way by GPS and with a high sampling rate, generate a huge set of data that, among many applications, has the capacity to detect events. In this way, this work presents a data management system architecture applied to a real PMU system located in the state of Paraná, Brazil that detects and storages events using principal component analysis and Pearson correlation. This method can detect and store electrical events that occurred during the operation of the national interconnected system of Brazil with good results
Electrical Event Detection and Monitoring Data Storage from Wide Area Measurement System
Synchronized phasor measurement systems are being widely used around the world and have become essential elements in the evolution of the operation of large electrical power systems (EPS). These systems, called Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs), are capable of recording and communicating dynamic data from the EPSs in a synchronized way by GPS and with a high sampling rate, generate a huge set of data that, among many applications, has the capacity to detect events. In this way, this work presents a data management system architecture applied to a real PMU system located in the state of Paraná, Brazil that detects and storages events using principal component analysis and Pearson correlation. This method can detect and store electrical events that occurred during the operation of the national interconnected system of Brazil with good results